BUNAKEN NATIONAL PARK
History
As described previously, the names listed in Manado from the world map in 1541 by Spanish cartographer, Nicolas Desliens. Initially not in town, but the name of an island we know today, Manado Tua. Then in 1590, Loco, a Spanish sailor put Manado as the name of the sea. There are many interpretations by different researchers about the origin of this name. From research G. Molsbergen obtained information that the name was originally called the island of Manado Tua Manarow, Tontembuan origin of language, which means, "something which is located opposite," the rock islands or island mountain directly opposite the place called Wenang. The name itself is a kind of arbitrary trees in Latin is called: Macaranga hispida.Bunaken National Park, Manado Tua, as the most beautiful marine park in the world has a diversity of rare species of aquatic organisms such as sea cow, dugongs, dugongs, dolphins and various kinds of ornamental fish grim hippocampus SP., giant clams, Hoksbill, green sea turtles. On the plateau there are black monkey (Macaca Negro). Bunaken national marine ecosystems There is made up of various habitats such as forests, sea grass beds, coral reefs and mangrove forests. Coral reefs are type SP Pocilopora, S. P. Seriaattopora, Pachyseris S.P., Porites S.P., SP, SP Herpolitha Fungia, Galaxea Holomitra SP, SP, SP, SP Pectinia Lobophyllia, Echinopora Tubastrea SP and SP.BOROBUDUR TEMPLE
The location of the temple is approximately 100 km southwest of Hyderabad and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. This temple was founded by the followers of Mahayana Buddhism around the year 800 AD during the reign of the dynasty dynasty Many theories attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are some other folk etymology. Suppose that the word comes from the greeting Borobudur "the Buddha" is due to shift sound to Borobudur. Another explanation is that the name comes from two words "coal" and "beduhur". The word bara said to have originated from the word monastery, while there are also other explanations where the coal comes from the Sanskrit language which means the complex of temples or monasteries and beduhur meaning is "high".
borobudur structure
borobudur viewed from the northwest corner of the courtyard
.Borobudur plan to form mandala symbol of the universe in cosmology buddha
Borobudur Borobudur structure viewed from the northwest corner of the court sketch Borobudur Mandala, a symbol of the universe in Buddhist cosmology. Borobudur has a terrace punden basic structure, with six-yard box, coiled round three pages and a main stupa as a peak. Also scattered in all stupas some background.Ten pages are owned Borobudur clearly illustrates the Mahayana school of philosophy. Like the book, Borobudur described ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha. It symbolizes Kamadhatu foot of Borobudur, the world is still dominated by kama or "low desire". This section is mostly covered by a pile of stone that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of the temple. At the closed part of this additional structure there are 120 panels Kammawibhangga story.
Four floors with wall berelief on it by the experts called Rupadhatu. The floor is rectangular. Rupadhatu is a world that is able to free himself from lust, but is still bound by the shape and form. This level is a trait that, between the bottom and the nature of nature. In part this Rupadhatu Buddha statue found in the indentation on the wall above ballustrade or hallway. Starting the fifth to the seventh floor wall is not berelief. This level is called Arupadhatu (which means no tangible form or not). Circular floor plan. This level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana. Buddha statue is placed in the stupa is covered with holes as in captivity.
Borobudur not have a prayer room like other temples. That there are long hallways which is a narrow road. The corridor around the temple walls level by level. In the halls are expected to conduct Buddhist ceremonies walk around the temple to the right. Shape of the building without room and terraced structure believed to form punden Terrace development, which is a form of original architecture from prehistoric Indonesia. Borobudur structure when viewed from above forms the structure of the Mandala. Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the interlock system such as Lego blocks that can be attached without glue.
Buddhist statue
Apart form the Buddha in Buddhist cosmology is engraved on the walls, there are many statues at Borobudur Buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position and displaying a symbolic hand mudras or a certain attitude. Buddha statue in the indentation at the level Rupadhatu, governed by the fence line on the ledge outside. The amount is less and less on the top. The first row of the balcony railing consists of 104 niches, the curve of the line, the second 104 third line 88 niche, 72 niche fourth row, and fifth rows 64 niches. Total there are 432 statues of Buddha at the Rupadhatu. [3] In Arupadhatu (three-page circular), Buddha statues are placed in berterawang stupa (hollow). In the first round of a court there are 32 stupas, the second trial of 24 stupas, and the third trial, 16 stupas, all of 72 stupas. [3] Of the original number as many as 504 statues of Buddha, more than 300 have been damaged (mostly headless) and 43 missing (since the discovery of this monument, buddha head.
GIANT FLOWER " RAFFLESIA ARNOLDII "
Patma giant (Rafflesia arnoldii) are obligate parasites of plants known to have a huge interest, even the largest flower in the world. He grew up in the network vines (lianas) Tetrastigma and do not have leaves and can not photosynthesize. Plants endemic to the island of Sumatra, particularly the southern part (Bengkulu, Jambi and South Sumatra). Kerinci Seblat National Park is the main conservation area of this species. This species, along with other members of the genus Rafflesia, the status of threatened because of massive deforestation
